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Overview
Definition
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are both inflammatory disorders of the intestine that often cause abdominal pain and diarrhea. In Crohn's disease, any portion of the digestive tract, from mouth to anus, can be affected. Most cases of Crohn's disease involve the end of the small intestine called the ileum and extend to the start of the colon, the cecum.
The inflammation begins within the mucosa, the inside layer of the digestive tract that comes into contact with food and absorbs nutrients. Portions of the mucosa are destroyed as inflammatory cells penetrate the intestinal wall, working their way through to the outside of the intestine. These holes are called fistulas, through which fluids can leak and cause further damage. This can cause swelling and narrowing of the bowel opening, as well as malabsorption and diarrhea. Obstruction of the intestines can also occur, leading to swelling of the abdomen and repeated vomiting.
Crohn's disease affects men and women equally. Most patients are diagnosed when teenagers or young adults. Often, the first signs of Crohn's disease are ignored, especially if the only sign is mild, watery diarrhea, which can happen on and off for years.
More on Crohn's Disease
In the Encyclopedia:
When to Call the Doctor
 | Fever |
| Pain in lower right abdomen |
| Watery or bloody stools |
| If you have severe pain or bloating and vomiting, go to the hospital |
This article was reviewed and updated June 2007.
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